Harmonic effects, causes and damages experienced in electrical systems
In the world of technology, the most widely used energy is increasing to electrical energy, it becomes one of the most important topics of quality energy use.
Ideal electrical energy is the energy provided in a constant frequency and sinus form at constant voltage. However, users cannot reach the ideal energy in the application, but rather reduce energy quality to minimum levels.
While there are many cases that disrupt energy quality (voltage fluctuations, reactive energy, harmonics, use of nonlinear loads, inter -phase imbalance, transient situations, etc.) We will discuss the harmonic concept, which is one of the most important reasons in this article.
Harmononic is the deterioration of the sinus form of electricity. Today, multi -used computers, fluorescent lamps, thyristor circuits, electronic cards, motors, drivers, rejectionrs, uninterrupted power supplies such as cargo varieties such as harmonic components in the electrical system cause the formation of harmonic components. Below is the graph 1st graph with the graph of the ideal quality energy with the graph of the 2nd graph is the graph of degraded energy due to harmonic effects.
Pure Sinus Form as can be seen has been impaired due to the presence of harmonic components in the graph 2. Harmonic components reduce the quality of electrical energy and cause overloading to system failures.
What are the damages of harmonic effects?
harmonic components bring an additional load to the electrical system, which causes overheating of cables and transformers and increased losses. However,
overheating and puncturing of capacitors
Observation of voltage drops
The resonance situation in the network is experienced
Illegal current protection switches, circuit breakers unnecessary opening
Reduction and failure of the use of electronic devices
Increase and heating of losses in engines
Excess current from the neutral line
Effects such as throwing insurances in front of the capacitors will be observed.
In order to prevent these effects, active or passive filters suitable for the system should be used after the analysis of the electrical system.
Sigma energy analyzers and energy parameters are measured at high precision. Mainly measurable energy parameters, average- Max-min voltage and current values, frequency, active power- reactive power- visible power, power factor, active and reagent demand values of the current, total harmonic deterioration of the current and tension (THD), 31. Harmony and tension measurement.
Sigma harmonic filters are circuit elements that protect the compensation system by bringing the harmonics that may occur in enterprises to certain levels. Harmonic filter reactors are connected to the capacitors in series, so that;
Prevents over -currents at the time of activation of capacitors.
Eliminates overloading risks caused by resonance.
Heating and insulation problems that may occur due to harmonics will decrease and prolong the life of the capacitors.
Prevents overloading of the electrical lines and the heating of the cables in the installation
Since the harmonics in the network will decrease, it helps to protect sensitive electronic devices (such as computer, CNC, PLC) from the distorting effects of harmonics.