Excessive voltage protectors: Parafudr
The first reference in lightning experiments was Benjamin Franklin's kite experiments in 1762. Franklin placed a metal rod on top of the kite and tied the tip to a metal switch, and from the metal rod to the metal switch from the metal switch, the discovery of the paratonary system took place.
Is it enough to protect your electronic devices connected to your parathoner system from lightning?
At this point, it is necessary to explain the principles of the work and protection of the parathonary system.
A parathonary system at the moment of lightning falls on the metal rod and lightning flow to the soil, so that the lightning of the lightning is prevented from damaging your facility. The parathonary system passes as external lightning and is a protective measure against lightning -induced fires. However, the lightning affects an area of 2km in diameter from where it falls, and it causes the electric devices in this area to fail and burn.
Parafudr is an element that protects against the network -connected devices, network, installation of lightning -based blows (blows involved in the network) and sudden blows in the facility.
1-It provides protection from excessive voltage by limiting the overdue voltage to the UP voltage level declared on Parafudr.
2-Provides protection by draining it to the soil by means of protection elements in the flowing current.
One issue that needs to be considered is that in the paraffudrlar which does not have neutral protection, a impact current in the phase line is seen as a short circuit of the technology contained in the phase line and the phase-neutrer between the phase-neutrotes act as a short circuit.
For an effective impact protection, the point to be considered as a priority is to determine the physical conditions (elevation, the presence and location of the parathonary system, the distance to the transformer centers) and the system to be protected (lighting, industry, communication systems, data line, DC system, etc.).
The systems that should be used to protect a system against lightning and impact currents are as follows
Equivalent grounding system: With this system, all grounding is combined with co -potential bushes to prevent possible potential differences at two points.
External Lighting: It allows you to transmit lightning energy to the soil by preventing direct exposure to lightning.
grounding
Internal Lighting: As mentioned above, the lightning energy has reached the soil and affects an area of 2km, causing the deterioration of electronic devices connected to the network within this area. Moreover, the only factor that causes the deterioration of electronic devices is not the over -current and voltage rise caused by lightning. In addition, harmonics and switching elements may cause sudden voltage fluctuations. At this point, the use of the internal lightning system (low voltage surgeons) becomes very important.
Major technologies used in paraffuddr:
MOV Technology: MOV (metal oxide varistor) is a non -linear circuit element with nonlinear resistance. As the tension of the system changes, the resistance of the varistor changes and controls the flow flowing over, ie the voltage controlled circuit element for the varistor. In the picture below, it acts as an open circuit by showing a high resistance feature below the voltage level specified as the varistor voltage and does not allow the current to pass over it, but when the system voltage exceeds the varistor voltage, it flows through the entire current by acting like a short circuit.
Since the response time of varistors is quite short (approximately 20NS), it is a preferred technology in the transfer of overflow to lightning protection devices.
Gas discharge tube:
It consists of 2 conductive electrodes separated by a gap filled with gas. In order for the tub to be transmitted, the electron in the tube must reach sufficient energy. The potential difference between the conductors is ionizing the gas by multiplying the released electron gas molecules when exceeding the refraction voltage of the gas in the space and the ionized gas greatly reduces electrical resistance. Thus, 8/20µs of peak flows flow to the soil by choosing a low way to the impedance and prevent damage to the devices.
Technical Parameter Descriptions:
Nominal Voltage (Flour): Parafudrun represents the working voltage under normal conditions.
Nominal Discharge Current (In): Parafudra is the maximum discharge current that can be based on the specified number (about 20 times) and the specified wave form (8/20µs) without damaging.
Maximum Discharge Current (IMAX): Parafudrun (8/20µs) is the maximum discharge current that can withstand in the wave form.
For IMAX and IN, the same wave form is mentioned for both of them, but the maximum discharge value that IMAX paraffudrun can withstand without damage should be indicated at a value that can withstand this value 20 times.
Maximum operating voltage (UC): Specifies the voltage value that can be applied continuously while in the protection mode. This value should be declared as at least 10 %of the nominal working voltage (flour).
Voltage Protection Level (UP): It refers to the voltage value in which the tension will be reduced in the paraffudr when a blow to the system.
Pulse discharge current (Iimp): 10/350µs indicates the peak current value of the lightning wave. Parafudr should safely pour all the lightning currents that take place up to Iimp value declared and reduce the excessive voltage to the up level.
Pulse Characteristics:
The current protection values declared in the paraffudris are declared on the basis of waveforms. So what should be understood when 10/350µs or 8/20µS wave form is mentioned?
10/350µs symbolizes the lightning blow, and the lightning flow reaches the highest value at 10µs, while the current is split in 350µs.
8/20µs is the wave form that symbolizes the excess currents due to switching in the system. The wave reaches its peak value at 8 µs, while in 20 µs, it is split.
Parafudr Types:
Type 1 Parafudr (B Type Parafudr): Type 1 Parafudrlar, the system directly protected from lightning impacts, as well as protection against amplitude and specific energies from fluctuation voltage or fluctuation currents.
Sigma Electrical B Type Parafudr Technical Specifications
Type 2 Parafudr (C type Parafudr):
Sigma Electric C Type Parafudr Technical Specifications:
Type 1+2 Parafudr (B+C Type Parafudr):
Sigma Electric B+C Type Parafudr Technical Specifications: